History of Titanium | Grades and Sources of Titanium | 3-2.5 Tubing Comparison
Resiliency, Flexibility & Fatigue | Titanium Use & Abuse
Ovalizing and Tapering Tubes | Engineering Principles of Butting Tubes
Tapering vs. Butting | Welding | Anodizing
Future of Titanium | Glossary
3-2.5 Ti Comparison with Other Materials
Titanium Parts

3-2.5 Ti Comparison with Other Materials

Steel | Aluminum | Metal-Matrix Composites
Titanium Metal Matrix Composites | Beryllium
Carbon Fiber | Carbon Wrapped Titanium and Aluminum
Honeycomb Reinforced Titanium

Honeycomb-Reinforced Titanium

Honeycomb-reinforced titanium tubing is conceptually similar to internally wrapped composite tubing, with the primary objective being increased stiffness. The only frame that currently employs this construction uses a lightweight fiberglass honeycomb bonded to a carbon fiber skin, which in turn is bonded to the inside wall of a thin titanium tube. The frame is lugged.

In the current design, the honeycomb lends anisotropic reinforcement properties to the tube. Unfortunately, it is not possible to create layers of directional honeycomb, as can be achieved with carbon fiber. Thus, the honeycomb is inevitably unidirectional, but lies within a structure that demands more isotropic properties.

Since the frame must be lugged for assembly, frame weight is not ideal; a current 54-cm example weighs 3.0 pounds, with the honeycomb and carbon representing 0.75 pounds of this total. A 54-cm Merlin Extralight, with double-butted tubing and similar rigidity, weighs 2.6 pounds.


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